a form of evidence synthesis that maps and summarizes the breadth and nature of existing research on a particular topic or question. Unlike a systematic review, which seeks to answer a narrowly defined question through comprehensive evidence synthesis, a scoping review takes a broader approach. Its primary goals are to provide an overview of the available literature, clarify key concepts, identify gaps in knowledge, and highlight areas for future investigation.
Example
Researchers planning to develop a new outcome measure for osteoarthritis flare conduct a scoping review of all published instruments assessing flare-related symptoms. This review charts what has been studied, highlights inconsistencies in definitions, and identifies gaps where no validated tools exist — guiding the design of future studies.