Research Methods & Study Design

a proposed explanation or prediction for an observed phenomenon, relationship, or event that has yet to be confirmed.

the process or techniques used to create visual representations of the interior or exterior of an object, body, or system for analysis, diagnosis, or research.

a qualitative research method in which a small group of participants discusses a specific topic, product, service, or idea under the guidance of a trained facilitator or moderator.

pre-specified characteristics or conditions that disqualify an individual from participating in a research study or clinical trial.

information or knowledge obtained through systematic investigation or scientific research.

the scientific and systematic study of the frequency, patterns, causes, and risk factors of health-related states or events (not just diseases) in specified populations.

a structured, anonymous, and iterative consultation method used to achieve consensus among a group of experts or stakeholders.

the systematic process of identifying, collecting, and organizing relevant data from multiple sources for a specific purpose.

an observational study that collects data from a population or a representative subset at a single point in time.

a systematic and structured process of assessing the quality, validity, and relevance of research studies.