the scientific and systematic study of the frequency, patterns, causes, and risk factors of health-related states or events (not just diseases) in specified populations. This field helps identify trends, risk factors, and preventive measures to improve public health.
Abbreviation: Epi
Synonyms: Population-based, public health research
Example
An epidemiological study might examine how COVID-19 infection rates differ between urban and rural communities, identifying risk factors such as population density, healthcare access, and vaccination uptake.