the systematic process of identifying, collecting, and organizing relevant data from multiple sources for a specific purpose. In research, it is a critical step in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, where data are gathered from primary studies to allow for synthesis, comparison, and interpretation. Proper data extraction ensures accuracy, transparency, and reproducibility of findings.
Example
During a systematic review on treatments for osteoarthritis, the research team conducts data extraction by pulling details from each eligible study—such as participant characteristics, interventions, outcome measures, and results—into a standardized spreadsheet. This allows the team to compare findings across studies and prepare for meta-analysis.