the process by which research proposals, manuscripts, or study results are evaluated by independent experts (peers) in the same field. This evaluation verifies the accuracy, quality, and relevance of the work before it is funded, published, or otherwise disseminated. Peer review helps ensure that research methods are sound, results are credible, and conclusions are meaningful. In some cases, consumers or patient representatives act as peer reviewers, offering valuable perspectives on the importance of the topic and the appropriateness of consumer involvement in the research.

Peer review occurs most commonly:

When researchers submit articles to a journal for publication.
When research proposals are submitted to a funding body.